THE SECOND CLIMATE.
Sús al Aḳṣa	15	30	22	0	Sús—the remote, was so named from its situation at the extreme of Mauri­tania. It was a town according to D'Herb. at the foot of Mount Atlas and was also called Taroudant, but Abulf. makes the latter the capital of Sús. It would cover the extent now known as Morocco.
Lamṭah. Do Called also Nawa.	17	30	27	.	Or Lamthounah according to D'Herb. the large plain extending from the foot of Mt. Atlas to Sejelmásah to the E. and Takrúr to the S. Edrísi calls it a town which together with Darah and Jozoula stand on the side of the desert of Lamthounah. The desert is evidently the Sahara.
Darạh Do.	21	6	27	10	See above. Ibn Sayd says it stands on the river Dạrah.
Andaghast Do.	25	.	26	.	A town in the midst of the Sahara inhabited by Berber Moslems, the sumacy belonging to the Sanhaja tribe. Another account makes it a large tract of which the capital goes by the same name and is situated on the mountains S. of Sejelmásah and 40 marches distant. Reinaud says the the name is not known, but it is cited in ancient Arab accounts and was destroyed by the Almoravides in the 11th century. Major Rennel supposes it to the modern town of Aghades, N.-W. be of the Lake Tchad. Mr. Cooley places it N. E. of Timbuctoo. (II. I. 175.)
Tákhmábah	32	15	25	15	I do not find this name. The map marks a district and town as Tagama directly S. of Aghades.
Ḳús, in Upper Egypt	61	30	24	30	The text has ḳurs incorrectly. The ancient Apollinopolis Parva, on the Nile directly north of Karnak. It is described by Yáḳúṭ as a large and flourishing town.
Ikhmím Do.	61	30	26	.	A supposed corruption of the ancient Egyptian name Chemnis, the Panopolis of the Greeks. The Chem or Pan of this city was an Icthyphallic god, having been a site of Panic worship, and it was celebrated for its temple of Perseus. Like other old towns in the Thebaid it declined in prosperity as Thebes rose to importance. The rivers are said by Donne (Smith's Geog. Dict.) to be incon­siderable, but Yáḳúṭ speaks of Egyp­tian temples filled with paintings and statues, and strange writings, the building of which he ascribes to Queen Dalúkah. At a small hill to the west of it, the ear applied to it will catch the sound of waters and a murmur like that of human voices. Yáḳúṭ gives the orthography as I have written D'Herb. has Akhmím.
Aḳṣur Do.	61	40	24	.	According to Yáḳúṭ, in the Thebaid on the east bank of the Nile above Ḳús. Preceded by the Arabic article, the transition to Luxor is natural.
Isná Do.	62	.	28	30	Yáḳúṭ gives the Lon. 54° 24' and Lat. 24° 40'. The modern Esneh, the ancient Latopolis which name was derived from the fish Lato, the largest of the 52 spe­cies that inhabit the Nile and which appears in sculptures among the symbols of the Goddess Neith, Pallas Athene, surrounded by the oval ring of royalty or divinity. It possessed a beautiful temple, but except the joint of a gate­way of the reign of Tothmes II, now a door-sill, the remains belong to the Roman or Macedonian era. Ptolemy Euergetes is painted on the wall of the temple followed by a tame lion, in memory of his benefactions and the name of the Emperor Geta, partially erased by his brother and murderer Cara­calla, is still legible on its walls. Smith. Art. Latop.
Anṣíná Do.	68	.	28	.	The ancient Antinoe, the ruins of which are still called by the Copts Enseneh. It was built by Hadrian in memory of his favourite Antinous to whom divine honours were paid as a local deity and some chariot races in comemoration of his death and his master's sorrow. It occupied the site of the village of Besa (<Greek>) named after the goddess and consulted as late as the age of Constantine. (Smith. Art. Antinoe.) Idrísi remarks that it supplied the magicians summoned by Pharoah to rival or defeat Moses. Reinaud. Abulf. II. I. 157.
Uswán	66	.	22	30	The ancient Syene and commonly Assouan in the maps. I follow the orthography of Yáḳúṭ. These different pronunciations of the initial letter, such as in Ikhmím and Akhmím, Lak­sar and Luksạr (i. e. Alaksar or Aksar), Ashmúm and Ashmún are caused by the prefix to Egyptian, Greek and Roman names, of the prosthetic alif by the Arabs which sometimes carries its ordinary pronunciation and at others reproduces that of the second vowel. Thus Ashmún was Shmoun, and Ikhmím, Khmím naturalised by the Arabs through the addition of their article. Reinaud II. I. 152.
Mạdan-i-Zamurrad. Emerald mine, mem­toned uuder Alanjah.	64	15	21	.	See p. 53.
Ṭaimá, in Syria	67	15	25	40	Atwal Lon. 60° Lat. 30° Kánún 58° 30' Lat. 26°, a small town between Syria and Wadi al Kura on the road of pilgrims from Syria and Damascus. According to Yáḳúṭ, here was the castle of the famous Samuel, son of Adiya, the Jew from whose fidelity to his word has arisen the Arabic proverb “more faith­ful than Samuel” The castle of Al Ablaḳ between the Jauf and Jebel Shammár is celebrated in Arab story. Chenery in his notes to the 23rd Assembly of al Ḥaríri, narrates the origin of the proverb.
Maạdan-i-Zahab (The Gold mine). Known as a mountain in Yemen.	.	.	.	.
Aiḍháb	68	40	21	40	A port on the Red Sea, near Suákin. It is mentioned by Ibn Baṭouṭah in his Travels, Vol. II. 160. Abulfeda calls it the rendezvous of pilgrims and mer­chants embarking for Jeddah. He gives the Lon. 58°, Lat. 21°.
Alláḳi	68	40	27	15	Mentioned under the 1st Climate.
Ḳnṣa??	69	.	26	.	Kosseir, a port on the Red Sea opposite “the Brothers” on the African side.
Ḳaṭíf, in Baḥrein	74	40	22	35	Well-known, on the Persian Gulf in the province of al Ḥasá.
Al Yambụ	74	40	26	.	Ibn Sayd, Lon. 64°, Lat. 26°; a small town west of Medínah in the litoral of Ḥijáz commonly written Yembo.
Juḥfah, in Ḥijáz	74	40	22	.	Formerly a large village, now in ruins, on the road to Medínah from Mecca, four stages from the latter town. Yáḳúṭ.
Medínah, the Pure, in Ḥijáz.	75	20	25	50	Called also Medínah the Prophetic.
Khaibar, in Ḥijáz.	70	20	25	20	Well-known in Ḥijáz.
Juddah in Ḥijáz.	70	10	21	15	Commonly called Jeddah.
Mecca the Glorious.	70	.	21	40
Ṭáif, in Ḥijáz.	70	30	21	20
Furṇ ”	70	30	26	.	A large village between Mecca and Medi­nah, four nights journey from the latter. Yáḳúṭ.
Faid. ”	78	10	25	.	The text is in error in the minutes of Lat. and gives an impossible figure; the Lat. in Atwal is 26° 50, and another authority gives 27° in Abulf. Gladwin likewise reads 27°. Faid is in Nejd and not in Ḥijáz.
Ḥajar ”	81	10	22	.	In Yemámah, and its chief city. Here are the tombs of those who fell fighting against the impostor Musaylimah Abulf. Yáḳút says that it formerly bore the name of Yemámah.
Island of Ṭuḳálábis, off Ḥijáz.	81	.	27	12	Untraceable, the name reads like a cor­ruption from the Greek, and may be either Sucabia now Shushuah at the mouth of the Gulf of Aḳabah or Tima­genis the modern Mushábea. Ptolemy places this in Lon. 66°, Lat. 29° 30' 15"
Island of Súli, off Ḥijáz.	81	.	25	15	See this name in the 1st Climate. It may be the ancient Sela, off Moilah or Muweilah on the Ḥijáz coast.
Lower extremity of the Egyptian Sea, of Ḥijáz	81	30	21	.	Presumably any part that corresponds with this location.
Yemámah.	81	5	21	30
Aḥsá, in Baḥrein.	88	30	22	.	The word signifies, according to Yáḳút, water absorbed by the earth and pene­trating to hard soil where it is retained. The sand is removed by the Arabs and the water taken up. It also means sand heaped over rocky ground to which the rain percolates through the sand.
The Sea of Baḥrein	83	30	24	15
The extreme point of Baḥrein.	84	20	25	15
Maạdan i Zahab.	67	15	21	5	See above p. 57.
Island of Awál.	86	.	22	.	One of the islands off Baḥrein near Ḳaṭíf at one day's sail. Two days would be required to traverse it either in length or breadth. It is the best of the pearl fisheries and contains 300 vil­lages. Abulf. This island is not marked in the maps under this name, but its position in Abulfeda seems to mark it as the I. of Sumak in the Baḥrein Gulf. In Iṣtakhri's peculiar geographical map, it is located as one of 3 large islands in a sea which no imagination can shape into the sem­blance of any waterway of the world.
Island of Síláb.	88	30	25	.	I do not trace this name.
Hormuz.	92	.	25	.
Jíraft.	98	.	27	30	A flourishing town in Kirmán; a rendez­vous for merchants from Khurásan and Sijistán, 4 days' march from Hormuz. Abulf. I do not find it under this name in Keith Johnstone.
Daibal.	102	31	24	20	Or Debal. For the celebrated port in Sind, see Cunningham. Anc. Geog. 297. Its position is still disputed and is likely to remain so.
Tíz, a town on the Makrán coast.	83	.	24	5
Bírún. in Makrán.	84	30	24	5	This is placed by Ibn Ḥaukal between Debal and Manṣúrah. Abulf. Reinaud II. II. 112.
Manṣúrah, Sind.	105	.	26	40	The ancient Muḥammedan capital of Sind, see Cunningham. Anc. Geog. 271.
The Idol (temple) of Som­nát, India.	107	10	22	15
Aḥmadábád, of Gujarát, India.	108	30	23	15
Nahrwálah, i. e., Pattan, Gujarát.	92	5	28	30	See Vol. II. under Gujarát, p. 262.
Amarkót, birthplace of His Majesty.	100	.	24	.
Mando, Capital of Málwah.	95	35	25	5
Ujjain.	110	50	28	30	From this town was reckoned the longi­tude of the Hindus. Albirúni, India, I. 304, corrupted to Arín by the Arabs.
Bahroch, (Broach)	116	53	27	.
Kambayat (Cambay)	109	20	26	20
Kanauj	116	50	26	35
Karrah (Korah)	101	30	25	36	See Vol. II. under Subah of Allahábád.
Súrat, India	110	.	21	30
Saronj ”	114	59	27	22
Ajmér ”	111	5	26	.
Ḳarṭiá? ”	.	.	.	.
Benares ”	119	15	25	17
Mahúrah, on both sides of the river.	116	.	27	.	Ḳanún, Lon. 104° Lat. 27° 15". Aṭwal, Lon. 106° Lat. 27°. A town of the Brah­mans on both sides of the Ganges between Kanauj and the Ocean. Abulf. This is probably Mathurah, or Muthra.
Agra, India	115	.	26	43
Fatḥpúr ”	115	.	26	41
Gwálior ”	115	.	26	29
Mánikpúr ”	101	33	25	5
Jaunpúr ”	119	.	26	36
Sonárgáon ”	101	50	22	2
Panduá, in Bengal	128	.	25	.
Lakhnauti, in Bengal	128	.	26	30	The text has <Arabic> for <Arabic>.
Fort of Kálinjar	116	30	25	.
Ajodhya	116	32	25	50
Shergír	.	.	.
Mlaner	121	31	26	16	The text reads Munair. I follow the I. G.
Ilahábás	118	25	26	.
Bhílsa	98	2	24	31
Gházipúr	104	5	25	32
Hájipúr, Patna	120	46	26	5	The text has an impossible figure for the degrees of Lon.
Lakhnau	116	6	26	30
Dukam	.	.	.	.
Daulatábád	101	.	25	.
Etáwah	99	55	26	5
Awadh	116	25	26	55
Deogír	111	.	25	.
Fatḥpúr	100	50	25	55
Dalmau	102	5	24	35
Kálampúr	.	.	.	.
Korah	100	5	26	15	See under Allahábád, Vol. II.
Usyút, Upper Egypt	51	5	22	10
Biskarah, in Mauritania.	34	25	27	30	On the Jedi river, S. E. of Algiers.
Najíram	87	30	26	40	A small town between Siráf and Baṣrah, situate on the mountains near the sea. Yáḳúṭ says he had often visited it. Najíram is also said to be a quarter in Baṣrah and Yáḳút observes that if this be so, the town must have been named from the quarter as it is not of itself of such importance that a quarter should have been named after it. Rei­naud has mistaken the sense of Yáḳút here. Cf. Abulf. II. II, 95.
Najd, the region between Ḥijáz and Ịrák
Máyah	.	.	.	.
Khalíh?	.	.	.	.	Unintelligible variants in text.
Yanju, capital of China	125	.	22	.	Yang-tcheou, according to Reinaud.
Mánchu, in China	127	.	39	.
Narwar, in India	98	5	25	33
Chinapattan	100	10	18	5	Chinnapattanam is marked in K. John­stone near and north of Seringapatam.
Haldárah?	.	.	.	.
Bárám?	.	.	.	.
Tibbet	114	.	27	30	This name is marked, doubtful in the text.
Taktábád.	.	.	.	.	Var. Naktábád.
Hasábah?	.	.	.	.	Var. Hálsar?
Saláyah	.	.	.	.	Var. Salámaṭ.
Awilah? or Rawílah?	.	.	.	.
Tayfah?	.	.	.	.
Kashmir?	.		.	.	In the text <Arabic> and marked doubtful.
Kalísáh or Kalíksa	.	.	.	.
Malíbar, i. e., Mabar	.	.	.	.	This name has preceded in the 1st Cli­mate and its location given. These repetitions are frequent among Eastern Geographers and Reinaud notices the laxity of Edrísi in this particular, I. CCCXV.
Maḳruḳín?	.		.	.
Nadímah?	.	.	.	.
<Arabic>?	.	.	.	.	Probably Yanbo, already preceded.
Ban Marrah	77	.	21	55	Properly Baṭn Marr. <Arabic> near Mecca.
Ḳifṭ, Upper Egypt	61	18	24	.	Copt, or Koft, or Keft in K. Johnstone, a short distance below Ḳús, on the Nile.
Armant, Do.	51	5	24	.	Erment, the ancient Hermonthis. It stands slightly south-west of Luxor. In the times of the Pharoahs celebrated for the worship of Isis, Osiris and their son Horus. Its ruins attest its former splendour. The Iseion was built by the last Cleopatra and the sculptures appear to allude to the birth of Cæsa­rion the son of Cleopatra by Julius Cæsar. v. Geog. Dict, W. Smith.
Island of Ḳais Arabicised form of Kais: in the Persian Gulf	78	.	28	.	Marked as Keish or Kenn, in K. J.
Island of Lár in the Per­sian Gulf	88	30	25	.	An island between Siráf and Kish, of considerable size but without villages, a pearl fishery. Dict. de la Perse. Barbier de Meynard. This name is not now marked on the maps.
Laḥsá?	.	.	.	.